Abstract
Ushbu maqola urbanizatsiya jarayonlari va ularning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy ahamiyati xususida fikr yuritadi. Birinchidan, urbanizatsiya atamasi va unga ta’sir etuvchi omillar, jumladan, sanoatlashtirish, migratsiya, tabiiy o‘sish kabi omillar tavsiflanadi. Ikkinchidan, ayrim mamlakatlar, jumladan, Jahon hamjamiyati va O‘zbekiston misolida urbanizatsiya darajasi va shahar aholisining ulushi ko‘rsatkichlari taqqoslanadi hamda ularning o‘sish sur’atlari haqida ma’lumotlar keltiriladi. Uchinchidan, ushbu jarayonlarni ilmiy asosda bashorat qilishning dolzarb ahamiyati ta’kidlanadi, chunki bashoratlar yordamida transport tizimidan boshlab ijtimoiy infratuzilmagacha bo‘lgan ko‘plab sohalarni samarali rejalashtirish imkoniyati mavjudligi ta’kidlanadi.
To‘rtinchidan, bashoratlashning asosiy usullari, ya’ni statistik usullar, matematik modellashtirish hamda sun’iy intellekt tizimlari qisqacha tavsiflanadi. Nihoyat, bashoratlash borasidagi ayrim muammolar, xususan, ma’lumotlarning yetishmasligi tufayli yuzaga keladigan noaniqliklar va bashoratlarni tuzishda ularni inobatga olish zarurligi haqida fikr yuritiladi.
References
World Bank. (2021). Urban Development Overview. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/overview
World Bank. (2022). Managing Urbanization. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/managing-urbanization
UN. (2018). 68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050.
UN. (2019). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision
World Bank. (2022). Urban population (% of total population)
ADB. (2019). Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2019
Cohen, B. (2006). Urbanization in developing countries: Current trends, future projections, and key challenges for sustainability. Technology in society, 28(1-2), 63-80.
Teune, H. (1988). Urbanization: Social Aspects. International encyclopedia of the social sciences. Biographical supplements (Vol. 18, pp. 649-655).
Chandramouli, C. (2011). Urbanization in South Asia: Trends, Patterns and Policy Issues. Regional Conference on Urbanization in South Asia.
Rozanov, B. G. (1977). Problems in population forecasting. Progress in Geography, 7, 1–42.
Batty, M. (1976). Urban modelling. Cambridge Urban and Architectural Studies.
Heppenstall, A., Crooks, A., See, L., & Batty, M. (Eds.). (2012). Agent-based models of geographical systems. Springer Science & Business Media.
Kockelman, K. M. (1997). Travel behavior as function of accessibility, land use mixing, and land use balance: evidence from San Francisco Bay Area. Transportation Research Record, 1607(1), 116-125.
Barnes, T.J., Peck, J., Sheppard, E., & Tickell, A. (2015). Introduction. In Methods matter (pp. 1-24). Routledge.
Hall, P., Gracey, H., Drewett, R., & Thomas, R. (1973). The containment of urban England. Allen & Unwin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.